Used Tractor Equipment Buying Guide
When buying a tractor, most farmers know the make, model, and specifications they need for their operation. If not, considering things like terrain constraints and attachment needs are a good place to start. Thorough research is key in avoiding the wrong purchase. Once you have located a tractor, you should always inspect it thoroughly before you buy or bid on one at a farm equipment auction. Use our tractor inspection tips as a general guideline and be ready to find the tractor you need.
Appearance
Typically, a tractor that looks well-maintained usually has been taken care of properly. On the other hand, a tractor that has been neglected and stored outside may have peeling paint, dents or even distressed or bulging tires. Replacing tires alone, depending on the type of tractor, could cost nearly $30,000.
Operational inspection
Start up the tractor and listen for abnormalities as it turns over or idles. Allow idling for several minutes and throttle several times to review responsiveness and any indicators of defects. Drive it back and forth to review proper action and handling. Next, turn the steering left and right, checking for any looseness or play in the steering as this could be damaged and need to be replaced. Tight or difficult steering could signify that you must grease the pins or that the hydraulic cylinders might malfunction. Listen and feel for possible transmission issues, such as hesitation, grinding or knocking. Check under the hood and check for any leaks from the engine, hoses or hydraulics. Check for any worn hydraulic, radiator and fuel lines.
Remove the air filter once the engine has cooled. The air filter should not appear dirty. Air filters must be replaced every 100-200 hours and in-cabin filters every 300-400 hours.
Articulation points
You will need to complete a visual and operational assessment of the tractor’s articulation points. Check for any metal shards or grooves that are abnormal. These are signs of wear and likely result from inadequate maintenance and inconsistent greasing.
Cab
Look inside the cab. A clean cab is a good sign of proper upkeep. Step inside and check how many hours of operation the tractor has performed. Check that all displays, receivers, and electronic components are in good working order as they can be costly to replace or repair.
Power Take-Off shaft (PTO)
Confirm that the PTO has the proper specification for the attachments you will need to run. Anything that has a mechanical drive will require a functioning PTO shaft. It is better to buy a tractor with more of what you need for horsepower, PTO power specification, etc. Good power will result in better fuel economy in the field and the potential to handle any large jobs as your operation expands or changes.
Start the tractor, turn on the PTO and check for a smooth rotary movement. Listen for any noises coming from the running output shaft. Remember that repairs to the PTO can be costly as the tractor’s rear end. Usually, the rear axle needs removing for repair.
Hydraulic power
When inspecting hydraulics, consider what attachments you will be running. Make sure the tractor has the proper number of outlets and lines for what you need to run now and a year from now. Make sure to examine the hydraulic outlets and auxiliary/return lines, checking for leaks and poor seals for possible signs of damage.
Maintenance log and supporting documentation
Ask for maintenance logs, inspection lists, work orders and other supporting documents. These documents are a valuable insight into how often and what repairs were performed.
If your inspection fails in some of these areas, you may find the seller is willing to come down on price. At this point, you must determine if you have the time to correct what you found and pocket the savings. If your tractor is needs are time critical, pass this one up.
What type of tractor are you planning to buy? You can find used equipment parts for your operation at All States Ag Parts.
